Three-Dimensional Printing of Calcium Phosphate-Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Tissue Engineering
• Bioceramics

Background:

• Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are vital for bone tissue engineering.
• Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) offers enhanced regenerative properties.
• Optimizing scaffold materials is crucial for effective bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To 3D print calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds modified with mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG).
• To evaluate the osteogenic potential and regenerative capabilities of the novel CPC/MBG scaffolds.
• To develop an innovative bioceramic ink for personalized bone regeneration scaffolds.

Main Methods:

• Synthesized and characterized MBG using TEM, XRD, and N2 adsorption-desorption.
• Prepared a 3D printable CPC ink mixed with 5% MBG (CPC/MBG).
• Fabricated scaffolds via 3D printing and assessed their properties and ion release. Conducted cell culture studies with mesenchymal stem cells.

Main Results:

• MBG exhibited a mesoporous structure and amorphous nature.
• CPC/MBG scaffolds showed enhanced release of calcium, phosphate, and silicon ions.
• Significantly greater cell viability, adhesion, spreading, and DNA content observed on CPC/MBG scaffolds compared to CPC.
• Increased expression of osteogenic genes (COL1A1, OCN, RUNX2) in cells cultured on CPC/MBG scaffolds.

Conclusions:

• The combination of CPC and MBG creates a biocompatible and osteogenic scaffold material.
• 3D printing of CPC/MBG scaffolds offers a promising approach for bone tissue engineering.
• This innovative bioceramic ink formulation facilitates the development of personalized scaffolds for bone regeneration.