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The type-specific substance from Pneumococcus type 13.

M J Watson, J M Tyler, J G Buchanan

    The Biochemical Journal
    |November 1, 1972
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Researchers elucidated the structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 13 (S.13) capsular polysaccharide. The dephosphorylated repeating unit was identified as a complex pentasaccharide, revealing key linkages and acetylation patterns.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Carbohydrate Chemistry
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Streptococcus pneumoniae causes significant morbidity and mortality.
    • Pneumococcal vaccines target capsular polysaccharides (PS) for immune protection.
    • Understanding the precise structure of S.13 is crucial for vaccine development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the detailed chemical structure of the capsular polysaccharide S.13 from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 13.
    • To identify the repeating unit and linkage points within the S.13 polysaccharide.

    Main Methods:

    • Alkaline hydrolysis of S.13 to cleave phosphodiester bonds.
    • Enzymatic dephosphorylation to isolate the core pentasaccharide.
    • Detailed structural analysis of the resulting pentasaccharide using chemical and spectroscopic methods.

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    Main Results:

    • A pentasaccharide was obtained, representing the dephosphorylated repeating unit of S.13.
    • The pentasaccharide structure was elucidated as O-beta-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta- d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-beta-d- galactofuranosyl-(1-->4)-O-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d- glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-ribitol.
    • Phosphodiester linkages were identified between ribitol and galactopyranosyl residues, and O-acetyl groups were found on glucopyranosyl residues.

    Conclusions:

    • A partial structure for the S.13 capsular polysaccharide has been proposed.
    • The elucidated structure provides critical insights into the pneumococcal type 13 antigen.
    • This structural information can inform the design and efficacy of pneumococcal vaccines.