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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Hsin-Pei Wang1, Naomi Saito2, Laurel Beckett2

  • 1University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
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Cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes and hypercholesterolemia are linked to Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology, including neuropil threads and amyloid angiopathy. This highlights the need for diverse cohorts in AD research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropathology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research

Background:

  • Cardiovascular risk factors are linked to Alzheimer disease (AD) progression and neuropathology.
  • Their specific impact on regional brain pathology in diverse populations is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and neuropathologies in a diverse cohort of individuals with Alzheimer disease.
  • To investigate regional differences in arteriolosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), core plaques (CPs), diffuse plaques (DPs), and neuropil threads (NTs).

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study of 276 Hispanic and non-Hispanic White decedents with pathologically confirmed Intermediate/High AD.
  • Assessed three-level categorizations (absent, active/recent, inactive/remote) of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.
  • Used semi-quantitative assessments for regional neuropathologies adapting CERAD criteria.

Main Results:

  • Active diabetes associated with increased frontal neuropil threads (NTs).
  • Active hypercholesterolemia correlated with greater temporal cortex cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and temporal core plaques (CPs).
  • No significant associations found between hypertension and neuropathology.

Conclusions:

  • Diverse cohorts are crucial for generalizable Alzheimer disease (AD) research.
  • Established links between cardiovascular risk factors and AD neuropathologies support precision medicine for dementia.