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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Jessamine F Kuehn1, Qijun Zhang1, Margo B Heston2

  • 1Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gut bacteria metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) like propionate and butyrate are reduced in individuals with amyloid-positive status, suggesting a potential role in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Neurodegenerative disease biomarkers
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are gut bacterial metabolites from fiber fermentation.
  • Preclinical studies suggest SCFA protect against Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology.
  • Human data on SCFA, gut bacteria, and AD biomarkers are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the relationship between gut microbial SCFA production and AD biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired individuals.
  • Determine if SCFA levels or the bacteria producing them are associated with preclinical AD pathology.
  • Explore potential causal links between SCFA and AD progression.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed gut metagenomes and SCFA levels in fecal samples from 213 cognitively unimpaired participants at risk for AD.
  • Sequenced fecal DNA to assemble metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and identify functional genes.
  • Measured SCFA levels and correlated them with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers using regression analyses.

Main Results:

  • Reduced abundance of MAGs encoding propionate and butyrate production pathways in amyloid-positive participants.
  • Lower fecal levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate observed in females and amyloid-positive individuals.
  • Mediation analysis suggested a potential role for butyrate in the association between microbial pathways and amyloid status.

Conclusions:

  • Amyloid-positive individuals showed decreased gut microbial pathways for propionate and butyrate production.
  • These findings in humans align with preclinical data, suggesting SCFA may influence AD progression.
  • SCFA and their producing bacteria represent potential targets for AD prevention or treatment.