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Surgical Swine Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Treated by Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Published on: March 27, 2018
Initial Outcomes from a Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery-Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (MICS-OPCAB)
Omar AlMawajdeh1, Bilal H Kirmani1, Haytham Sabry1
1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital NHS Trust, Thomas Drive, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK.
Background:
Minimally invasive off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS-OPCAB) offers potential advantages over conventional sternotomy, including reduced trauma and faster recovery. This study evaluates the safety and feasibility of MICS-OPCAB at our centre.
Methods:
We retrospectively analysed 50 consecutive MICS-OPCAB procedures performed via left anterior thoracotomy at our institution between January 2023 and June 2025. Data collected included patient demographics, operative details, and postoperative outcomes. Endpoints were 30-day mortality, conversion to sternotomy, and postoperative complications.
Results:
The cohort included 41 males (82%) with a mean age of 63.1 ± 8.7 years (range 40-80) and mean BMI 27.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2. Comorbidities included diabetes mellitus in 26%, COPD in 12%, and chronic kidney disease in 8%. Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina classes III-IV were present in 46%. The majority of patients (64%) had single-vessel CAD while 34% had two-vessel and 2% had three-vessel involvement. The mean Logistic EuroSCORE I was 2.19 ± 1.53. Left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafting was performed in 96% of cases. Additional conduits included left radial artery in 32% and saphenous vein in 8%, with T-grafts in 26% and sequential grafting in 4%. The average number of grafts per patient was 1.35 ± 0.53 (range 1-3). The procedure was performed off-pump in 96% of cases, with two patients (4%) requiring CPB support during conversion from mini-thoracotomy. The overall conversion rate to sternotomy was 16% (eight patients), predominantly due to difficult or injurious IMA harvest or anatomical limitations. The mean operative time was 197.8 ± 76.8 min and decreased significantly after the first 25 cases (220 min vs. 175 min). Atrial fibrillation occurred in 18%, pleural effusion in 28% (10% requiring drainage), and chest infection in 8%. Wound complications arose in 4%. There was no 30-day mortality. ICU stay averaged 2 ± 2.2 days (range 1-14), and total hospital stay was 5.7 ± 2.7 days where institutional coronary bypass stay is normally 7.9 +/- 7.0 days.
Conclusion:
These results demonstrate that MICS-OPCAB is a safe and feasible approach for selected patients requiring multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting. There are some technical challenges during the learning curve for which conversion to open surgery can confer good outcomes. Traversing the early learning curve can confer additional benefits to later patients.
