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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
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The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
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Cardiac Deformation Patterns During Exercise in Healthy Children.

Dario Collia1,2,3, Ling Li4, Mary Craft4

  • 1Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study examined cardiac mechanics in children during exercise, revealing early functional changes. These findings offer insights into how the heart adapts, heals, or progresses toward disease.

Keywords:
CFDblood flowchildren cardiovascularhemodynamic forcesphysical exercisestrainvorticity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Cardiac Mechanics

Background:

  • Cardiac chamber remodeling is crucial for exercise adaptation and heart failure progression.
  • Understanding exercise-induced cardiac changes in children is vital for assessing cardiac health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cardiac mechanics in healthy children across different exercise phases.
  • To identify exercise-induced modifications potentially contributing to cardiac remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three-dimensional echocardiography in healthy children during Rest, Mid, Peak, and Recovery exercise phases.
  • Assessed myocardial deformation using strain tensor analysis.
  • Evaluated intraventricular flow dynamics, including vorticity and vortex formation time.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary data show exercise-induced modifications in cardiac function.
  • Identified changes in myocardial deformation and intraventricular flow patterns during physical exertion.
  • Established a reference for normal pediatric cardiac response to exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise significantly impacts cardiac mechanics in children.
  • Early detection of functional changes may predict cardiac remodeling.
  • Findings contribute to understanding pediatric cardiac adaptation, healing, and disease progression.