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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Sofia Toniolo1, Sijia Zhao1, John Broulidakis1

  • 1University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Digital cognitive tests and plasma biomarkers show promise in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Combining these methods improves accuracy for AD dementia detection and stratification in memory clinic populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Plasma biomarkers can detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) before cognitive symptoms emerge.
  • Cognitive function measurement is crucial for population screening, disease monitoring, and treatment response assessment.
  • Existing digital cognitive testing platforms lack data on sensitivity and specificity for differentiating dementia types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a remote online cognitive assessment tool (OCTAL) in discriminating between different forms of dementia.
  • To assess the diagnostic accuracy of plasma pTau217 and digital biomarkers, individually and in combination, for Alzheimer's disease detection.

Main Methods:

  • 391 participants with various cognitive conditions (including subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, AD dementia, Lewy body disease, Corticobasal syndrome, Frontotemporal dementia) and 201 controls were recruited.
  • Participants completed a remote online cognitive assessment (OCTAL), including the Oxford Memory Test (OMT) and Trail Making Test (TMT).
  • Plasma pTau217 levels were measured, and diagnostic accuracy was compared between plasma biomarkers, digital biomarkers, and their combination.

Main Results:

  • OCTAL metrics differentiated various dementia stages and types.
  • Identification accuracy on OMT was lower in mild cognitive impairment and other dementias compared to controls.
  • Combining plasma pTau217 with digital biomarkers significantly improved diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease dementia compared to pTau217 alone.

Conclusions:

  • The OCTAL platform demonstrates potential for sensitive and specific patient stratification in memory clinics.
  • Combining plasma biomarkers with digital cognitive tests enhances diagnostic accuracy for AD.
  • This remote platform offers a scalable solution for screening, stratification, and monitoring of patients with AD and other dementias.