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Evaluating Differential Metabolic Profiles by Prostate Cancer Risk Among Prostate Cancer Patients.

Tuo Liu1, Jahnvi Roorkeewal2, Melissa A Furlong1

  • 1Department of Community, Environment, and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.

Metabolites
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urinary metabolites show potential for differentiating high-grade prostate cancer (PCa) from low-grade PCa, offering new biomarkers beyond prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for risk stratification.

Keywords:
PCa riskprostate cancer (PCa)urine metabolomics

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Metabolomics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Current prostate cancer (PCa) risk stratification relies heavily on prostate-specific antigen (PSA), lacking validated biomarkers.
  • There is a critical need for novel biomarkers to accurately assess PCa aggressiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific urine metabolites associated with high-grade PCa.
  • To explore the potential of these metabolites as biomarkers for PCa risk stratification.

Main Methods:

  • Urine samples from 22 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were analyzed.
  • High-resolution metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in both reverse-phase (RP) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) modes.
  • Differential metabolite analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were performed.

Main Results:

  • 52 differential metabolites were identified between high-grade and low-grade PCa groups (p<0.05).
  • Methyl alpha-aspartyl phenylalaninate and 3-methylbutanoic acid showed significant differentiation.
  • Histidine metabolism pathway was significantly enriched, with observed alterations in B vitamin pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary metabolites can potentially differentiate high-grade from low-grade PCa.
  • Metabolic reprogramming correlates with PCa aggressiveness.
  • Findings suggest potential links between PCa progression and dietary patterns.