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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

984
Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Applying Permanent, Robust Stenciled Patterns of Fine Particles to Elastomeric Surfaces
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Negative and Reversible Magnetorheological Response for Magnetic Rubbers.

Rentaro Kanamori1, Tomoya Sako2, Hiroaki Okazaki2

  • 1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 24, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed a novel magnetic rubber composite. This material shows a reversible decrease in elastic modulus when exposed to a magnetic field, demonstrating stability over 30 cycles.

Keywords:
magnetic responsive gelrubbersoft materialstimuli-responsive gel

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Magnetorheology

Background:

  • Development of smart materials with tunable properties is crucial for advanced applications.
  • Magnetic composites offer unique responses to external magnetic fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel composite material exhibiting a reversible decrease in elastic modulus under a magnetic field.
  • To characterize the magnetic-induced changes in the elastic modulus of the composite.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a composite material using natural rubber and carbonyl iron particles (8.3 μm diameter).
  • Measurement of storage modulus in the absence and presence of a magnetic field (up to 500 mT).
  • Testing the reversibility and cyclic stability of the material's response.

Main Results:

  • The storage modulus decreased from 155 kPa to 89.5 kPa upon application of a 500 mT magnetic field.
  • The composite demonstrated a reversible decrease in elastic modulus.
  • The material maintained reversible changes in dynamic modulus over 30 magnetic field on-off cycles.

Conclusions:

  • A novel magnetorheological composite material with a reversible decrease in elastic modulus has been successfully developed.
  • The material shows potential for applications requiring tunable stiffness in response to magnetic fields.
  • The demonstrated cyclic stability suggests durability for practical use.