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Related Concept Videos

Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

409
In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
409
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

336
Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
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Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

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In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
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Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

329
When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Experimental Study of the Relationship Between Particle Size and Methane Sorption Capacity in Shale
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Experimental Study of the Relationship Between Particle Size and Methane Sorption Capacity in Shale

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Oxidative Dissolution Effects on Shale Pore Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Gel-Breaking Performance.

Jingyang Chen1,2, Liangbin Dou1,2, Tao Li3

  • 1College of Petroleum Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxidative dissolution enhances shale reservoir stimulation by increasing permeability and porosity. This process improves wettability and pore connectivity, boosting fracturing fluid effectiveness and hydrocarbon production.

Keywords:
compressive strengthelastic modulusgel-breaking performanceoxidative dissolutionpore structure evolutionshale gas reservoirwettability alteration

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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Petroleum Engineering
  • Geochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Shale reservoirs face fluid-sensitivity damage, hindering hydraulic fracturing effectiveness.
  • Conventional methods result in poor flowback and rapid production decline.
  • Oxidative dissolution offers a novel approach to improve shale reservoir properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate oxidative dissolution's impact on Wufeng Formation shale.
  • To analyze changes in pore structure, wettability, and mechanical properties.
  • To develop characterization models for oxidized shale.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) for pore structure analysis.
  • Contact-angle measurements for wettability assessment.
  • Triaxial compression tests for mechanical properties.
  • Core-flooding experiments with NaClO solutions.

Main Results:

  • Permeability increased by 66.67-266.67%; porosity rose by 1.79-9.58%.
  • Hydrophilic surface fraction increased from 5.45% to 61.73%.
  • Compressive strength decreased by up to 57.8%; elastic modulus showed non-monotonic changes.

Conclusions:

  • Oxidative dissolution enlarges micropores, improves connectivity, and enhances water wetness.
  • This process optimizes fracturing fluid performance and shale gas recovery.
  • Provides a basis for oxidation-assisted stimulation in shale reservoirs.