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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis
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Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis

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Transposable Element-Derived miR-28-5p and miR-708-5p: Exploring Potential Roles in Lung Cancer.

Sergiu Chira1, Cornelia Braicu1, Stefan Strilciuc1

  • 1Department of Genomics, Medfuture Institute for Biomedical Research, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Non-Coding RNA
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic changes in lung cancer activate LINE-2 elements, producing miR-28 and miR-708. These microRNAs target tumor suppressors, potentially driving lung cancer progression through altered methylation patterns.

Keywords:
lung cancermir-28mir-708transposable elements

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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular biology and epigenetics
  • * Cancer genomics and bioinformatics
  • * RNA biology

Background:

  • * Transposable elements (TEs) are typically silenced epigenetically.
  • * Malignant transformation can lead to epigenetic alterations, enabling TEs like LINE-2 (L2) to produce functional microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • * L2-derived miRNAs, such as miR-28 and miR-708, are implicated in lung cancer, but their dysregulation mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the role of genomic context in the aberrant expression of L2-derived miRNAs in lung cancer.
  • * To analyze the expression and methylation status of host genes for miR-28 and miR-708.
  • * To identify potential tumor suppressor genes targeted by these dysregulated miRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC).

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of TCGA lung cancer datasets (LUAD and LUSC).
  • * Evaluation of miR-28 and miR-708 expression levels.
  • * Assessment of the expression and methylation status of their host genes, LPP and TENM4.
  • * Identification of potential tumor suppressor gene targets.

Main Results:

  • * Intragenic L2-derived miR-28 and miR-708 were significantly upregulated in LUAD and LUSC.
  • * The host gene TENM4 showed increased expression in LUAD and LUSC, while LPP expression changes were less pronounced.
  • * Dysregulation in miRNA and host gene expression may correlate with specific genomic methylation patterns.
  • * miR-28 and miR-708 were predicted to target key tumor suppressor genes.

Conclusions:

  • * Aberrant methylation of L2-miRNA genomic loci can lead to increased miRNA levels in lung cancer.
  • * Upregulated miR-28 and miR-708 may contribute to lung cancer pathogenesis by targeting tumor suppressor genes.
  • * These findings highlight the significance of epigenetic alterations in TEs for cancer development.