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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Carmela Tartaglia1,2,3, Charles Tator4, Lian Lopes Troncoso5

  • 1Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Repetitive head impacts (RHI) in athletes are linked to distinct inflammatory profiles, differing from Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls. These inflammatory markers correlate with neurodegeneration, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Repetitive head impact (RHI) in contact sports is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
  • The pathological link between RHI and neurodegeneration is not fully understood, but inflammation is increasingly implicated.
  • Previous studies show elevated inflammatory cytokines post-concussion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare inflammatory profiles in former professional contact sports athletes with RHI (ExPro) against Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and healthy controls (HC).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA) to quantify 737 inflammatory proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
  • Analyzed CSF from 16 ExPro, 24 AD patients, and 6 HC.
  • Assessed CSF Neurofilament Light (NfL) and used ANCOVA and Pearson correlation for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified 87 significantly different neuroinflammatory proteins between ExPro, AD, and HC groups.
  • SCRN1 and MDH1 remained significant after FDR correction, involved in immune regulation and metabolic pathways, respectively.
  • NfL correlated with 105 inflammatory markers in ExPro and AD, with several markers remaining significant after FDR correction.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct inflammatory profiles differentiate former contact sports athletes with RHI from AD patients and HC.
  • Established a relationship between inflammation markers and neurodegeneration.
  • Identifying RHI-specific inflammatory markers could enable targeted therapies for neurodegeneration.