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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Talia M Nir1, Sunanda Somu1, Kevin Low1

  • 1Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced diffusion MRI measures show stronger links to amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain than cortical thickness, potentially revealing early Alzheimer's disease changes. These findings suggest dMRI offers deeper insights into preclinical neuropathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research
  • Brain Microstructure Analysis

Background:

  • Diffusion MRI (dMRI) detects subtle brain microstructure changes, potentially identifying early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology before macrostructural alterations.
  • Cortical gray matter (GM) is affected early in AD; dMRI may capture amyloid-beta (Aβ) effects better than cortical thickness (CTh).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the relationship between Aβ-PET and single-shell cortical dMRI measures in cognitively normal (CN) individuals.
  • To compare dMRI findings with conventional CTh measures in relation to Aβ load.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T1w, dMRI, and Aβ-PET data in 769 CN participants across four AD studies.
  • Application of advanced dMRI models (NODDI-DTI, MAP-AMURA) alongside DTI.
  • Extraction of regional cortical MRI measures and testing associations with Aβ-PET centiloids, adjusting for covariates and tau-PET status.

Main Results:

  • Aβ-PET centiloids associated with three dMRI measures and CTh.
  • Advanced dMRI models revealed more widespread associations between Aβ and higher APA (hindered diffusion) and lower ODI (neurite dispersion).
  • Lower ODI was moderated by tau positivity, indicating greater effects in tau-positive individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced dMRI measures demonstrate broader associations with Aβ load compared to CTh.
  • Increased hindered diffusion (APA, FA) linked to Aβ may indicate early cellular changes or inflammation.
  • Reduced neurite dispersion (ODI) associated with Aβ suggests neurodegeneration, particularly in tau-positive individuals, highlighting dMRI's potential for early AD process insights.