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Dengue and Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review
Matteo Riccò1, Antonio Cascio2, Luca Pipitò2
1AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza Negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), Local Health Unit of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
|December 24, 2025
Summary
Dengue virus (DENV) can cause acute pancreatitis, a rare complication. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis is more severe than acute interstitial pancreatitis, leading to worse outcomes and higher mortality.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Gastroenterology
- Public Health
Background:
- Dengue fever is a common febrile illness.
- Acute pancreatitis is a rare but serious complication of dengue virus infection.
- Limited data exists on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of dengue-associated acute pancreatitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and characterize the clinical spectrum of dengue virus (DENV)-associated acute pancreatitis.
- To differentiate between acute interstitial pancreatitis and acute necrotizing pancreatitis in DENV infection.
- To identify risk factors and outcomes associated with DENV-associated acute pancreatitis.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
- Searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, MedRxiv, and BioRxiv for case reports and series.
- Included studies with laboratory-confirmed DENV infection and acute pancreatitis diagnosis.
Main Results:
- Seventy cases of DENV-associated acute pancreatitis identified, predominantly from Asia and South America.
- Acute interstitial pancreatitis (65.7%) was more common than acute necrotizing pancreatitis (34.3%).
- Acute necrotizing pancreatitis was linked to higher mortality (25.0%), multiorgan failure, and prolonged hospitalization.
Conclusions:
- Dengue virus-associated acute pancreatitis requires clinical awareness.
- Acute necrotizing pancreatitis presents with more severe complications and worse prognosis.
- Early recognition and management are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
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