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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Faiza G Durrani1, Charles R Marshall2, Sheena Waters2

  • 1Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Auditory cognition tests show promise for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection, aiding dementia risk stratification. This study evaluates digital auditory assessments combined with biomarkers for accurate and accessible brain health evaluations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to auditory dysfunction, particularly impaired speech-in-noise perception.
  • Poorer auditory function correlates with cognitive decline and reduced grey matter in AD-vulnerable brain regions.
  • Auditory cognition may serve as a cost-effective tool for early brain health assessment and dementia risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of auditory perceptual function assessment alongside blood-based biomarkers for early dementia diagnosis.
  • To develop a scalable, digital test for central auditory processing as an early dementia diagnostic tool (DIADEM study).
  • To assess auditory cognition's predictive value for clinical diagnosis, cognitive decline, and dementia progression in individuals with cognitive symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Recruitment of 600 participants from 17 NHS memory clinics, including 100 healthy controls.
  • Utilizing speech-in-noise, degraded speech, and dichotic sound tests, pure tone audiometry, cognitive assessments (CDR, RUDAS/MMSE), blood biomarkers (pTau-217, NfL), and MRI.
  • Two-year follow-up with periodic cognitive and auditory function evaluations.

Main Results:

  • Proof-of-concept demonstrated high accuracy (AUC 0.91) in distinguishing AD patients from healthy controls and tracking disease progression.
  • Assessment of auditory perceptual tests, alone and with biomarkers (pTau217, NfL), for diagnosis and prognosis in individuals with cognitive symptoms.
  • Examination of the cultural fairness and cost-effectiveness of the digital auditory assessment approach.

Conclusions:

  • Developing scalable, culture-fair, and precise digital tools based on auditory cognition measurement can revolutionize early dementia diagnosis.
  • Improving access to timely and equitable dementia diagnosis.
  • Supporting early treatment and care interventions for individuals with cognitive symptoms and potential dementia.