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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Qian Chen1, Bing Zhang2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Impaired brain waste clearance, measured by DTI-ALPS, is linked to Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and brain changes before cognitive decline. Targeting the glymphatic system may prevent dementia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • The glymphatic system clears brain waste and is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.
  • Glymphatic dysfunction may lead to amyloid-beta accumulation, tau phosphorylation, and neurodegeneration.
  • Diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) assesses glymphatic function noninvasively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between DTI-ALPS index and AD-signature brain regions.
  • To explore associations with plasma biomarkers and cognitive function.
  • To evaluate the predictive value of DTI-ALPS for disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • 229 cognitively unimpaired elderly individuals were studied across two datasets.
  • DTI-ALPS index was correlated with volumes of basal forebrain, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and white matter hyperintensities (WMH).
  • Mediating effects on cognition and associations with plasma biomarkers (ptau181, ptau217, Aβ40, Aβ42/40) were assessed. Longitudinal changes in brain volumes were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • DTI-ALPS positively correlated with AD-signature region volumes and negatively with WMH volumes.
  • The index was negatively associated with plasma ptau181, ptau217, Aβ40, and positively with Aβ42/40 ratio.
  • DTI-ALPS mediated the relationship between plasma ptau and cognitive scores. Baseline DTI-ALPS negatively correlated with WMH progression.

Conclusions:

  • Impaired glymphatic function is associated with AD-related brain changes and plasma biomarkers before cognitive impairment.
  • These findings suggest glymphatic dysfunction precedes clinical symptoms in AD.
  • Targeting the glymphatic system may offer a therapeutic strategy to prevent cognitive decline in AD.