Are Online Maps and Booking Systems for Antenatal Vaccination Fit for Purpose? A Qualitative Study

Objective: Online maps and booking tools aim to reduce barriers to vaccination by helping users locate nearby clinics, understand service availability, and provide information about vaccination choices. The aim of this research was to explore the potential of online vaccination booking and mapping tools in facilitating antenatal vaccination uptake among Māori and Pacific hapū māmā (pregnant women) in Aotearoa. Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study that used kaupapa Māori methodology. Focus groups with hapū māmā and semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers were conducted. Transcripts were analyzed thematically. Results: Seven hapū māmā and forty healthcare professionals participated. Three main themes were developed from interviews with hapū māmā: (i) limited awareness of online maps and bookings for vaccination services; (ii) the need for accessible, user-friendly information; and (iii) preference for flexible booking systems. Three themes were developed from the healthcare worker interviews: (i) difficulties with accessibility; (ii) promotion of tools; and (iii) usability of online platforms. Discussion: Although antenatal vaccinations are publicly funded, systemic and digital barriers persist, especially for Māori and Pacific communities. Online tools have the potential to support maternal vaccination, but require improved visibility, cultural relevance, and functionality to be effective.