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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Marta Blanch1, Beatriz Fontal1, Pau Martí1

  • 1ADmit Therapeutics SL, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The MAP-AD Test, an epigenetic in vitro diagnostic test, accurately predicts Alzheimer's dementia (ADD) by measuring mitochondrial DNA methylation in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Analytical validation confirms its reliability for clinical use.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Neuroscience
  • In Vitro Diagnostics (IVD)

Background:

  • The MAP-AD Test is an IVD medical device for Alzheimer's dementia (ADD) prognosis in Mild Cognitive Impairment patients.
  • It measures mitochondrial methylcytosines using a reagent kit and medical software with a classifier model.
  • Analytical validation experiments demonstrate the method's suitability for its intended purpose.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically validate the MAP-AD Test for its intended use in ADD prognosis.
  • To assess the performance characteristics of MAP-AD Test oligos under various shipping conditions.
  • To evaluate the stability of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation and the reproducibility of the methylation analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Oligonucleotide performance was tested across temperatures ranging from -20°C to 40°C.
  • Sample stability was assessed by exposing blood to room temperature for up to 12 days before DNA extraction.
  • Site-to-site reproducibility was evaluated by analyzing patient DNA samples at two different facilities using differential methylation analysis (DMA).

Main Results:

  • MAP-AD Test oligos maintained performance across tested temperatures, confirming suitability for shipping.
  • Mitochondrial DNA methylation levels in blood samples remained stable for at least 12 days at room temperature.
  • Differential methylation analysis demonstrated high repeatability and reproducibility of the methylation analysis across facilities.

Conclusions:

  • The analytical validation confirms the MAP-AD Test as an accurate and reliable IVD tool for ADD prognosis.
  • This epigenetic test represents a novel approach to Alzheimer's disease management, contributing to personalized medicine strategies.
  • The MAP-AD Test supports a holistic approach to AD, complementing new therapeutic and biomarker developments.