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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
749
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
516

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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Jitendra Kumar Sinha1, Krishna Kumar Singh2, Prashant Verma3

  • 1GloNeuro Academy, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microglia, the brain's immune cells, have a dual role in neuronal survival. Understanding their protective and harmful functions is key to developing new treatments for central nervous system (CNS) diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Microglia are the primary immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS).
  • These cells exhibit a dual role, supporting neuronal health in the healthy CNS but contributing to neurodegeneration when dysregulated.
  • Microglial dysfunction is linked to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current knowledge on the dual role of microglia in neuronal survival.
  • To examine microglial neuroprotective and neurotoxic actions in health and disease.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting microglial functions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review and synthesis.
  • Analysis of microglial roles in neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's).
  • Examination of microglial involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., depression, schizophrenia).

Main Results:

  • Microglial neuroprotection involves trophic support and neuroinflammation regulation.
  • Factors contributing to microglial neurotoxicity were identified.
  • Therapeutic potential and challenges of targeting microglial functions were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating microglia's multifaceted roles is crucial for understanding CNS diseases.
  • This work informs the development of novel, microglia-centric therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting microglia offers potential for improved treatment outcomes in CNS disorders.