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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Julia R Zickus1,2, José S Enriquez1,2, Muxin Wang1,2

  • 1University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperpolarized MRI reveals reduced glucose metabolism in Alzheimer

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is associated with impaired glucose metabolism, a potential diagnostic biomarker.
  • Hyperpolarized (HP) pyruvate MRI enhances metabolic pathway imaging by over 10,000-fold.
  • Developing early diagnostic biomarkers and imaging tools is crucial for AD therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate in vivo metabolic changes in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) mouse models using HP-MR.
  • To assess the real-time conversion of pyruvate to lactate as a marker of glycolytic activity in AD.
  • To correlate metabolic alterations with aging and disease progression in AD models.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) hyperpolarized 1-13C pyruvate was administered to measure real-time metabolism in vivo.
  • 7T MRI animal scanner was used for in vivo imaging across multiple time points in AD mouse models.
  • Ex vivo metabolomics by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was performed on excised brain tissues.

Main Results:

  • A decreased lactate-to-pyruvate ratio was observed in AD model mice, indicating reduced glycolytic activity.
  • Significant decreases in brain metabolites including choline, creatine, malate, glutamate, and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) were found in aged AD mice.
  • Similar metabolite reductions were observed in younger Tau mouse models, suggesting early-stage alterations.

Conclusions:

  • The lactate-to-pyruvate ratio serves as a sensitive indicator of altered glycolytic activity in AD mouse models.
  • Metabolic alterations, including reduced glycolysis and specific metabolite changes, are associated with aging in AD.
  • HP-MR and metabolomics show promise for detecting AD-related metabolic changes, supporting further validation and therapeutic studies.