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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Prabhakar Tiwari1

  • 1Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi-110029, India, New Delhi, New Delhi, India.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that altered levels of leucine and ascorbic acid in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients can help in early diagnosis. These metabolic changes are linked to cognitive decline and neuroinflammation, offering new avenues for AD intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive decline, amyloid plaques, and tau tangles.
  • Early diagnosis of AD is crucial for effective intervention.
  • This research explores metabolic alterations in AD and their connection to plasma biomarkers for potential early diagnostic markers and understanding disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate metabolic alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
  • To identify potential early diagnostic markers for AD by analyzing associations between metabolic changes and plasma biomarkers.
  • To elucidate underlying disease mechanisms in AD through metabolic profiling.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study comparing 25 AD patients and 25 healthy controls (HC).
  • Assessment of cognitive function (CDR scale) and depression (PHQ-9).
  • Untargeted metabolomics via LC-MS, analyzed with MetaboAnalyst, and quantification of plasma biomarkers (Aβ40, Aβ42, p-tau, NFL, APOE4, CRP, BDNF, oxidative stress markers) using ELISA.

Main Results:

  • AD patients showed significant cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms compared to HC.
  • Metabolomics identified 20 altered metabolites, with leucine, ascorbic acid, and octadecanedicarboxylic acid demonstrating high diagnostic potential (AUCs 0.76-0.91).
  • Elevated leucine correlated with memory deficits (r = -0.72), and ascorbic acid inversely associated with neuroinflammation markers like IL-6 (r = -0.65).

Conclusions:

  • Distinct metabolic signatures and plasma biomarkers show diagnostic and therapeutic potential for AD.
  • Leucine and ascorbic acid are identified as promising markers associated with cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in AD.
  • These findings support the development of early detection strategies and targeted interventions for Alzheimer's disease.