Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

746
Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
746
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

511
Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
511

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Facial feature removal in magnetic resonance imaging scans of adults with Down syndrome: A de-facing methodological study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Early Feasibility of Registration of Micro-PET/CT Scans to Annotated 3D Specimen Models.

Head & neck·2026
Same author

Immunosuppression in down syndrome regression disorder: a prospective observational cohort study.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

The Convergence of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease - Scientific and Ethical Imperatives.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Excessive GABAergic activity in striatal and frontal cortical regions more than dopaminergic functions are related to daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease: An exploratory 11C-flumazenil PET study.

Geromedicine·2026
Same author

Electroencephalographic Normalization as a Biomarker of Clinical Recovery in Down Syndrome Regression Disorder.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same journal

Multimorbidity burden and patterns associated with DeepBrainNet-derived brain-age gap in dementia-free older adults: A community-based study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Reply to "Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities".

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Correlates and predictors of self-efficacy among dementia caregivers: D-CARE findings.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

What should convince a clinician of disease modification in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials?

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Primary cilia-extracellular vesicle crosstalk in Alzheimer's disease: Emerging mechanisms and biomarker potential.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K

Biomarkers.

Jason K Russell1, Alexander C Conley1, Brian Boyd1

  • 1Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults with Down syndrome show higher initial cholinergic terminal density, but experience faster declines with age and Alzheimer's pathology. This suggests distinct yet overlapping roles of aging and amyloid in their cognitive health.

More Related Videos

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.9K
Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans
08:14

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

699

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K
Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.9K
Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans
08:14

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

699

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Adults with Down syndrome (DS) have an elevated risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to APP triplication.
  • Cholinergic system deficits are linked to AD cognitive impairments, but its integrity in DS is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate regional cholinergic terminal density in adults with Down syndrome using [18F]-FEOBV PET imaging.
  • To compare cholinergic integrity in adults with DS against age- and amyloid-matched neurotypical controls.

Main Methods:

  • 16 non-demented adults with DS underwent [18F]-FEOBV PET and MRI scans.
  • Control groups included 20 age-matched and 15 amyloid-matched neurotypical participants.
  • Voxelwise analyses compared [18F]-FEOBV uptake, examining relationships with age and amyloid.

Main Results:

  • Adults with DS showed increased [18F]-FEOBV uptake in multiple brain regions compared to age-matched controls.
  • A significant age x group interaction indicated faster decline in [18F]-FEOBV uptake in DS adults.
  • Higher amyloid accumulation was associated with lower [18F]-FEOBV uptake in DS adults, more so than in controls.

Conclusions:

  • Adults with DS exhibit early upregulation of cholinergic markers, followed by accelerated age- and amyloid-related declines.
  • Both aging and Alzheimer's pathology influence regional [18F]-FEOBV uptake in DS, with overlapping effects.
  • These findings highlight the complex interplay of aging and AD pathology on cholinergic systems in Down syndrome.