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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Kirsten W R Schroder1, Enrico Premi2, Valeria Bracca3

  • 1Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients show significant neuroanatomical dissimilarity compared to healthy individuals. This heterogeneity is particularly pronounced in specific cortical and subcortical regions, aiding in understanding FTD subtypes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with variable symptoms and pathology.
  • Diagnosing and predicting prognosis in FTD is challenging due to its heterogeneous nature.
  • Novel neuroanatomical modeling enables the quantification of individual brain deviations from normative data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify patterns of neuroanatomical dissimilarity in patients with sporadic FTD.
  • To identify specific brain regions exhibiting significant deviations in FTD subtypes.
  • To establish a baseline for individual prognosis and diagnosis in FTD.

Main Methods:

  • T1-weighted brain MRI scans from 355 participants (116 healthy controls, 197 behavioral variant FTD, 42 semantic variant PPA) were analyzed.
  • Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were extracted and compared against a normative model derived from ~58,000 healthy individuals.
  • Regions with a z-score <-1.96 were identified as outliers, indicating significant dissimilarity.

Main Results:

  • Both behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) and semantic variant PPA (svPPA) groups showed significantly greater cortical and subcortical dissimilarity than healthy controls.
  • The right inferior temporal gyrus was most affected in bvFTD (54% outliers).
  • The left temporal gyri (>83%) and left amygdala/hippocampus (64-67%) showed the highest proportion of outliers in svPPA.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with bvFTD and svPPA exhibit substantial heterogeneity in brain structure compared to healthy individuals.
  • Specific regions, including the right inferior temporal gyrus and left lateral temporal gyrus, are key areas of dissimilarity.
  • Further research will explore other FTD variants and clinical correlations.