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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Dillan Patel1, Michael H Malek-Ahmadi2,3,4, Brandon Pitts5

  • 1Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with the APOE e4 and MTHFR 677T allele are more likely to have amyloid-positive results, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • The MTHFR gene's 677T and 1298C alleles are linked to homocysteine processing and increased risks for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease.
  • Vascular factors play a role in AD pathogenesis.
  • Investigating gene-environment interactions is crucial for understanding AD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between MTHFR allele interactions (677T, 1298C) with APOE e4 and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) and amyloid-positivity.
  • To identify potential genetic and vascular risk factors for amyloid accumulation in cognitively unimpaired older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 341 cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).
  • Amyloid-PET SUVR was used to determine amyloid positivity.
  • Logistic regression models assessed MTHFR allele contributions and interactions with APOE e4 status and WMHV, adjusting for age and sex.

Main Results:

  • Neither MTHFR 1298C nor 677T alleles showed significant main effects on amyloid positivity.
  • MTHFR 1298C allele interactions with APOE e4 and WMHV were not associated with amyloid positivity.
  • A significant interaction was found between the MTHFR 677T allele and APOE e4 carrier status (OR=4.53, p=0.04) regarding amyloid positivity.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitively unimpaired individuals carrying both the APOE e4 and MTHFR 677T alleles are more likely to be amyloid-positive.
  • Targeting vascular-related pathways involving APOE e4 and MTHFR 677T may offer therapeutic strategies for mitigating amyloid pathology in AD.