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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Annie Li1, Hannah M Klinger1, Mabel Seto1

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Women with higher medial temporal tau show faster cognitive decline than men. Early anti-tau therapies may benefit women with tauopathy, highlighting sex differences in Alzheimer's disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) studies indicate higher regional tau burden in women.
  • The impact of sex differences on cognitive trajectories related to tau burden is not well understood.
  • Investigating sex-specific cognitive decline associated with tau pathology is crucial for understanding Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in cognitive trajectories as a function of regional tau burden.
  • To determine if tau accumulation differentially affects cognitive decline in men and women.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for sex-specific AD interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1009 cognitively normal adults from multiple cohorts (A4/LEARN, HABS, WRAP).
  • Tau-PET imaging (Flortaucipir/MK-6240) assessed tau in six key AD-related regions.
  • Random-effects regression models examined the interaction between sex, regional tau, and cognitive decline (PACC scores) over time.

Main Results:

  • Women with higher amygdala and parahippocampal tau showed significantly faster cognitive decline than men in A4/LEARN and WRAP cohorts.
  • In A4/LEARN, entorhinal cortex tau also contributed to faster decline in women.
  • Women with low tau levels maintained higher cognitive performance relative to men; no sex moderation was observed in HABS.

Conclusions:

  • Women with elevated medial temporal tau exhibit accelerated cognitive decline compared to men.
  • Early intervention with anti-tau therapies could be particularly beneficial for women with medial temporal tauopathy.
  • Further research into sex differences in tau spread to the neocortex is warranted to clarify cognitive decline patterns in women.