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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Tugce Duran1, Murat Bilgel2, Yang An1

  • 1National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies sensitive MRI biomarkers, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and cortical thickness, that predict cognitive decline in older adults. Sex-specific patterns emerged, with males showing white matter changes and females exhibiting cortical atrophy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biomarkers
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neuroimaging biomarkers are crucial for understanding MCI and dementia development.
  • Longitudinal changes in structural and functional brain metrics can indicate progression, especially in individuals who later develop impairment (SI).
  • Identifying sensitive preclinical markers for SI is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate MRI-based macro- and micro-structural predictors differentiating SI from cognitively normal (CN) older adults.
  • To identify early indicators of cognitive decline using advanced neuroimaging techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 509 cognitively normal participants (aged 50+) from the BLSA cohort with longitudinal cognitive data and 3T MRI scans.
  • Evaluation of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters (FA, MD, RD, AD), cortical thickness, regional volumes, and machine learning-derived atrophy scores across 154 regions of interest (ROIs).
  • Longitudinal linear mixed-effects models used to assess associations between cognitive status (CN vs. SI) and MRI biomarkers, adjusting for demographic and genetic factors.

Main Results:

  • Longitudinal analyses revealed significantly faster declines in DTI white matter (WM) integrity and cortical thickness in SI individuals compared to CN individuals.
  • Sex-specific differences were observed: SI males showed greater WM changes in specific tracts, while SI females exhibited more atrophy in occipital cortical regions.
  • 80 out of 509 CN participants developed SI during the follow-up period (median time: 4.6 years).

Conclusions:

  • Selected DTI and cortical thickness measures serve as sensitive indicators of early brain integrity changes.
  • Sex-specific patterns in brain structure trajectories predict cognitive status, with distinct macrostructural and microstructural changes observed in SI males and females.
  • Sex-stratified analyses are vital for accurately identifying early brain changes associated with future cognitive impairment.