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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We demonstrate ultrathin elliptically polarized VCSELs using tilted high-contrast gratings (HCGs). Reduced OPSR in tilted gratings indicates elliptical polarization, not poor selectivity, enabling tunable sources for chip-scale devices.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Semiconductor devices
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are crucial for optical communication.
    • Achieving stable, tunable polarization states in VCSELs is essential for advanced applications.
    • Standard high-contrast gratings (HCGs) typically produce linearly polarized light.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To realize ultrathin elliptically polarized VCSELs.
    • To investigate the polarization characteristics of VCSELs with tilted HCGs.
    • To explore the potential of these devices as tunable sources for chip-scale applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of VCSELs with standard HCGs featuring tilted bars.
    • Orthogonal polarization suppression ratio (OPSR) measurements.
    • Numerical simulations to analyze polarization states and anisotropies.

    Main Results:

    • Successful realization of elliptically polarized VCSELs using tilted HCGs without chiral layers.
    • Demonstration that reduced OPSR in tilted gratings is due to elliptical polarization, not degraded selectivity.
    • Confirmation that polarization state is tunable by balancing intrinsic and HCG-induced anisotropies.

    Conclusions:

    • Tilted HCGs offer a method for achieving elliptically polarized VCSELs.
    • These VCSELs provide integrated, wavelength-tunable sources suitable for chip-scale atomic devices.
    • The findings advance the development of compact and versatile optoelectronic sources.