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High-range-resolution and long-distance CO2 profiling using a single-photon differential absorption lidar.

Mingjia Shangguan, Simin Lin, Xianghui Guo

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    This study enhances carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring using lidar by integrating a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and a new retrieval algorithm. The system achieves high-range resolution and accuracy for CO2 detection up to 8 km.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Science
    • Environmental Monitoring
    • Photonics and Optics

    Background:

    • Lidar technology is crucial for atmospheric CO2 monitoring.
    • A fundamental challenge in lidar is balancing long-range detection with high-range resolution.
    • Existing methods face limitations in achieving both sensitivity and detailed atmospheric profiling.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a lidar system capable of simultaneous long-range detection and high-range resolution for CO2 monitoring.
    • To enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of atmospheric CO2 measurements.
    • To improve the profile resolution and stability of CO2 concentration retrievals.

    Main Methods:

    • Integration of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) into the lidar system to boost long-range sensitivity.
    • Development and application of a novel retrieval algorithm for range-resolved CO2 concentrations from high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements.
    • Field testing over three consecutive nights to validate system performance.

    Main Results:

    • The enhanced lidar system achieved detection of backscattered signals up to 10 km.
    • Demonstrated 30 m range resolution, 5 min temporal resolution, and an effective monitoring range of approximately 8 km.
    • The new retrieval algorithm improved range resolution by over an order of magnitude and enhanced retrieval accuracy by 3.8-fold compared to traditional methods.
    • Cross-validation with in-situ observations showed a standard deviation of ~10 ppm, confirming high accuracy and robustness.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed lidar system overcomes the traditional range-resolution tradeoff for CO2 monitoring.
    • The novel retrieval algorithm significantly enhances the accuracy and resolution of atmospheric CO2 concentration profiles.
    • This technology provides a foundation for advanced CO2 monitoring networks and carbon-cycle research.