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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Stephanie Doering1, Nicole S McKay2, Peter R Millar3

  • 1Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regional tau pathology predicts cognitive decline differently across domains. Specific brain regions, particularly the temporal and parietal lobes, are key indicators for various cognitive functions, guiding patient-specific evaluations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Patient cohorts show varied tau spread linked to distinct clinical/cognitive profiles.
  • Previous work indicated tau spread's higher sensitivity to preclinical attention/processing speed deficits compared to tau burden.
  • This study models tau pathology's predictive power across different brain regions for specific cognitive domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement a model framework evaluating which regions of interest (ROIs) show tau pathology that best predicts impairment across various cognitive domains.
  • To understand the relationship between regional tau accumulation and cognitive performance in older adults.
  • To refine patient-specific evaluations by identifying key brain regions associated with specific cognitive deficits.

Main Methods:

  • 529 older adults with tau PET and neuropsychological testing data were analyzed.
  • Tau PET scans were parcellated using the Schaefer200 atlas.
  • Random forest regression with repeated k-fold cross-validation predicted cognitive scores from ROI standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) for five cognitive measures.

Main Results:

  • Feature importance (FI) spatial distributions varied significantly by cognitive measure.
  • The temporal lobe showed high FI for Knight Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive composite (Knight PACC), Episodic Memory, and Semantic Memory.
  • The parietal lobe was emphasized for Attention/Processing Speed and visuospatial measures (Benson Figure Copy), with specific lateralization patterns observed for semantic memory and visuospatial tests.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct sets of brain regions effectively predict performance across different cognitive domains.
  • Temporal lobe tau is crucial for most cognitive domains, likely due to early accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Parietal lobe regions are important for attention and visuospatial functions, and observed lateralization patterns align with known neurobiology and functional connectivity, but are constrained by the presence of AD tau pathology.