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Biomarkers.

Neguine Rezaii1, Yuta Katsumi2, Daisy Hochberg1

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Digital language markers can differentiate atypical Alzheimer's disease (AD) variants. Logopenic variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (lvPPA) shows lexicosemantic deficits, while Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) exhibits visual processing issues, distinguishing these AD forms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis often relies on cognitive assessments.
  • Atypical AD variants like logopenic variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (lvPPA) and Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) present diagnostic challenges.
  • Digital language markers show promise in identifying AD subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if digital language markers can differentiate between lvPPA and PCA.
  • To explore the underlying cognitive mechanisms of language deficits in these AD variants.
  • To correlate language markers with neuroimaging data.

Main Methods:

  • Spoken language samples were collected from healthy controls, lvPPA, and PCA participants during picture description and job description tasks.
  • Computational analysis quantified word frequency and visual content words.
  • Tau PET imaging was used to examine anatomical correlates.

Main Results:

  • Both lvPPA and PCA groups struggled with low-frequency word retrieval in a visually demanding task.
  • lvPPA participants consistently showed word retrieval difficulties, unlike PCA participants in a low-demand task.
  • PCA patients exhibited greater deficits in retrieving visual content words, correlating with occipital tau deposition.

Conclusions:

  • Digital language markers effectively distinguish between lvPPA and PCA.
  • Language deficits in lvPPA are linked to lexicosemantic impairments.
  • Language impairments in PCA are associated with visual processing difficulties, supported by neuroimaging findings.