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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

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Biomarkers.

Shorena Janelidze1, Lyduine E Collij2, Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren3,4

  • 1Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, NA, Sweden.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma phospho-tau217 (pTau217) is a key biomarker for predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression and cognitive decline in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Elevated pTau217 levels indicate increased AD risk and tau pathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis and prognosis can be improved using plasma biomarkers.
  • Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a high risk of developing AD pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify plasma biomarkers that predict changes in AD-related tau pathology and cognitive decline in adults with DS.
  • To evaluate the prognostic utility of plasma biomarkers in DS for clinical practice and trials.

Main Methods:

  • The study included 258 adults with DS, measuring plasma biomarkers: phospho-tau217 (pTau217), GFAP, Aβ42/40, NfL, and tTau.
  • Linear regression and survival analyses examined associations between plasma biomarkers, cognitive decline (DS-MSE), and dementia progression.
  • Tau-PET imaging was used to assess tau pathology in a subset of participants.

Main Results:

  • Baseline pTau217, GFAP, NfL, and tTau were individually associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk.
  • In combined models, only pTau217 predicted cognitive deterioration and dementia progression.
  • pTau217 and GFAP correlated with tau-PET burden, and longitudinal pTau217 changes tracked cognitive and tau-PET changes.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma pTau217 is a strong predictor of cognitive decline and dementia in individuals with DS.
  • Both pTau217 and GFAP are associated with increased tau burden.
  • Longitudinal pTau217 monitoring may aid in managing AD prognosis in DS.