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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Yuexuan Xu1, Min N Qiao2,3, Tamil Iniyan Gunasekaran4

  • 1Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for amyloid deposition show promise in predicting early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in at-risk European and Hispanic individuals. These genetic tools offer new avenues for early AD detection beyond the APOE genotype.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Early identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk is crucial for intervention.
  • Amyloid deposition is a key hallmark of AD, influenced by genetic factors like APOE.
  • The role of other genetic variants in amyloidosis and early AD endophenotypes requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate amyloid polygenic risk scores (PRS) for predicting amyloid burden in Europeans and Hispanics, independent of APOE.
  • To compare the predictive performance of amyloid PRS against APOE, AD risk PRS, and tau PET PRS.
  • To assess the association of these PRS with AD endophenotypes in non-demented older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Amyloid PRS were constructed using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of amyloid PET, plasma, and CSF p-tau, alongside AD and tau PET risk PRS.
  • For Hispanics, PRS were derived using GWAS of plasma p-tau181 and the GAUDI method incorporating local ancestry.
  • Multi-ancestry PRS were built using PRS-CSx. All PRS were tested for associations with plasma biomarkers (p-tau181, p-tau217, Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, GFAP, NfL) and global cognition in European and Hispanic cohorts.

Main Results:

  • APOE-ε4 explained variance in p-tau181 and p-tau217 in Europeans, while amyloid-PET GWAS-derived PRS showed significant associations with these markers.
  • In Hispanics, APOE-ε4 and GAUDI PRS showed modest associations with plasma p-tau181.
  • Amyloid-PET PRS were associated with plasma Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, GFAP, NfL, and global cognition in Europeans, with similar findings for GAUDI PRS in Hispanics.

Conclusions:

  • Amyloid polygenic risk scores demonstrate potential as predictive tools for identifying early Alzheimer's disease pathology in asymptomatic European and Caribbean Hispanic populations.
  • These genetic risk scores may aid in the early detection and intervention strategies for AD.