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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Melissa Petersen1, Fan Zhang1, James Hall1,2

  • 1Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modifiable factors like hypothyroidism, depression, and worry influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood test accuracy. These factors differ across racial groups, impacting false positive results and suggesting personalized diagnostic approaches.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarkers
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Blood-based biomarkers are increasingly used for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis.
  • Current tests achieve high accuracy but can misclassify individuals (false positives/negatives).
  • Investigating modifiable factors contributing to misclassification is crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify modifiable risk factors contributing to misclassification in blood-based Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostic tests.
  • To explore differences in these factors across racial/ethnic groups.

Main Methods:

  • 1376 participants from the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities were analyzed.
  • Plasma AD biomarkers (Aβ42, Aβ40, tau, ptau181, NfL) were measured using Single Molecule Array technology.
  • Support Vector Machine models predicted diagnostic status; Fisher's exact test analyzed associations with modifiable factors (depression, worry, hypothyroidism).

Main Results:

  • Hypothyroidism was significantly associated with false positives in Hispanics (p=0.024) and trended for Blacks (p=0.053).
  • Depression (p=0.023) and worry (p=0.042) were significantly associated with false positives in non-Hispanic Whites.
  • No associations were found between modifiable factors and false negatives across groups.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences exist across racial/ethnic groups in the association between modifiable factors and false positive blood biomarker results for AD.
  • Medical factors (hypothyroidism) were linked to false positives in Black and Hispanic participants.
  • Psychiatric factors (depression, worry) were linked to false positives in non-Hispanic Whites, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.