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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Carolyn W Zhu1, Nadia Ramsingh1, Sunghye Cho2

  • 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Speech analysis objectively characterizes depression dimensions in older adults. Dysphoria shows heightened emotional reactivity, while apathy indicates decreased reactivity, offering new diagnostic tools.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Depression in older adults is common, heterogeneous, and linked to cognitive decline.
  • Objective speech analysis offers an alternative to subjective depression questionnaires.
  • This study explored speech features and depression dimensions in older adults at an Alzheimer's Disease Research Center.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between speech features and distinct dimensions of depression.
  • To differentiate depression subtypes using acoustic and emotion-based speech variables.
  • To assess the potential of speech analysis for objective depression characterization in aging populations.

Main Methods:

  • Participants included healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) groups.
  • Speech samples were collected while participants described pictures with varying emotional themes.
  • Automated pipelines analyzed speech features, correlated with depression dimensions (dysphoria, apathy, hopelessness, memory complaints) from the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15).

Main Results:

  • Dysphoria correlated with higher emotional valence, while apathy correlated with lower valence.
  • Apathy was linked to lower pitch and slower speech, especially with negative stimuli.
  • Dysphoria was associated with a wider pitch range and faster speech for negative stimuli.
  • Memory complaints showed associations with narrower pitch range and lower valence word use.

Conclusions:

  • Dysphoria indicates heightened emotional reactivity; apathy suggests decreased reactivity.
  • Apathy and memory complaints share overlapping speech features.
  • Speech analysis shows promise for distinguishing depression dimensions, even subclinically, aiding in understanding and diagnosis.