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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Rachel R Wu1, Elaine Zhu1, Christina L Bi1

  • 1NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgery may increase Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in older adults, with neurocognitive disorders (NCD) appearing in 25% of patients post-operation. Biomarker changes, like UHCL-1, indicate neuronal injury in NCD patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Surgical Research

Background:

  • Aging population (40% of surgical patients are ≥65 years) faces increased neurocognitive disorder (NCD) risk.
  • Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier changes are implicated in age-related cognitive decline.
  • Investigating perioperative changes is crucial for understanding cognitive outcomes in elderly surgical patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze perioperative blood biomarker changes in older adults undergoing surgery.
  • To correlate biomarker alterations with neurocognitive test results.
  • To evaluate the impact of surgery on cognitive domains in patients aged 65 and older.

Main Methods:

  • Patients (≥65 years) undergoing hip/knee arthroplasty were assessed using T-cog and T-MoCA for baseline cognition.
  • Pre- and post-operative blood samples were collected to analyze physiological changes.
  • Neurocognitive assessments were repeated 3 months post-surgery; NCD was defined by a > -1 SD Z-score change.

Main Results:

  • 25% of patients (11/44) developed NCD at 3 months post-surgery, with higher prevalence in men.
  • Lower pre-surgical anti-inflammatory IL-4 levels were observed in patients who developed NCD.
  • Post-operatively, NCD patients showed higher UHCL-1, while non-NCD patients had higher IL-10; both groups had increased T-tau and p-Tau 181.

Conclusions:

  • Surgery may enhance Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, including Aβ42/p-Tau 181 ratio, particularly in non-NCD patients.
  • Elevated UHCL-1 post-surgery confirms neuronal injury in NCD patients.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm findings on biomarker trends.