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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Marta Casquero-Veiga1,2, Carlos Ceron2, Nicolás Lamanna-Rama2,3

  • 1Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel PET biomarkers to detect brain micro-thrombi in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. These tools visualize fibrin and platelets, aiding early diagnosis and personalized anticoagulant therapies for AD patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Development
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to a pro-thrombotic state, evidenced by increased brain fibrin and platelet activity.
  • This pro-thrombotic environment contributes to early-stage AD pathologies like hypoperfusion and blood-brain barrier disruption.
  • Non-invasive detection of brain micro-thrombi is crucial for identifying patients who could benefit from anticoagulant treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate novel positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers for the non-invasive detection of brain micro-thrombi in an AD mouse model.
  • To assess the feasibility of targeting fibrin and platelets for imaging pro-thrombotic activity in the brain.

Main Methods:

  • Two PET probes were synthesized by attaching fibrin-binding probes (FBP) and anti-CD41 antibodies to transcyclooctene (TCO).
  • These TCO-functionalized probes reacted with tetrazine (TZ)-labeled 68Ga-chelator DOTA (for fibrin) or 68Ga-labeled iron oxide nanoparticles (for platelets).
  • PET/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies were performed in AD mice (TgCRND8) and a carotid crush injury model.

Main Results:

  • Both developed PET biomarkers demonstrated specificity in a carotid crush injury model, showing tracer accumulation at the site of vascular damage.
  • Elevated 68Ga-Tz uptake was observed in the brains of AD mice, irrespective of whether the probe targeted fibrin or CD41.
  • Ex vivo studies confirmed the in vivo findings, validating the increased uptake in AD mouse brains.

Conclusions:

  • Two feasible neuroimaging strategies were successfully developed to evaluate the pro-thrombotic state in a mouse model of AD.
  • These novel PET biomarkers offer a potential window for early diagnosis and personalized anticoagulant treatment strategies to mitigate AD progression.