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Related Concept Videos

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Yaotian Wang1, Shuoran Li2, Jie He2

  • 1Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain functional connectivity (FC) changes with age, with most connections showing minor shifts. Sex-specific patterns and altered FC in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were identified using large-scale fMRI data.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Understanding lifespan changes in brain functional connectivity (FC) is crucial for scientific advancement and clinical applications, especially for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Previous studies on age-related FC changes have yielded inconsistent results due to small sample sizes and the complexity of brain networks.
  • Identifying abnormal FC patterns is key to diagnosing and understanding neurodegenerative conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in functional connectivity (FC) across the lifespan using a large, aggregated dataset.
  • To identify diverse patterns of FC changes in different brain region clusters and their relationship with age.
  • To compare FC patterns between healthy individuals and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from three Human Connectome Project (HCP) studies (Young Adults, Development, Aging).
  • Developed and applied a novel clustering-enabled regression method to analyze aggregated fMRI data.
  • Evaluated FC differences across age groups and between healthy controls, MCI, and AD subjects.

Main Results:

  • Most brain connections exhibit minimal statistically significant age-related FC changes, with a small proportion showing practically significant alterations.
  • FC within functional networks tends to decrease with age, while FC between networks shows varied patterns.
  • Identified sex-specific FC trends, with females showing higher FC within the default mode network and males across multiple networks.
  • Subjects with MCI and AD display significant deviations in FC compared to healthy individuals, with females with MCI/AD showing more altered connections than males.
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects exhibit more altered connections than mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides novel insights into the heterogeneity of age-related FC changes using an extensive dataset, challenging findings from smaller studies.
  • Detailed understanding of these complex, age-related FC patterns is vital for advancing neuroscience and improving clinical assessments of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering sex differences and disease-specific alterations in brain connectivity across the lifespan.