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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Rejina Roufegarinejad1, Joseph Cummings2, Charisse N Winston3

  • 1University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) Black men may have a reduced Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in MHO individuals, focusing on cognitive changes and biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Metabolic and vascular factors significantly influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, especially in metabolically unhealthy, overweight/obese (MUO) individuals.
  • The association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk and metabolically healthy, overweight/obese (MHO) status is not well understood.
  • Standard Body Mass Index (BMI) metrics for health risk assessment show variability across racial and ethnic groups, particularly for Black or African Americans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI)/metabolic profiles and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in Black or African American individuals.
  • To explore correlations between metabolically unhealthy (MUO) and metabolically healthy (MHO) profiles and biomarkers of neurodegeneration and AD risk within the Black population.
  • To address the limitations of current BMI standards in assessing health risks across diverse racial groups.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multiple linear regression models on baseline data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort.
  • Analyzed BMI and metabolic profiles of MUO and MHO Black individuals.
  • Correlated these profiles with biomarkers of neurodegeneration and AD risk, including plasma biomarkers, brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) load, and hippocampal volume.

Main Results:

  • No significant baseline differences in BMI and cognitive status were observed across all Black participants.
  • Preliminary analysis suggested a non-significant positive correlation between BMI and cognitive status in MHO Black men compared to MHO Black women, indicating potentially reduced AD risk.
  • Multivariable linear regression models will further explore cross-sectional associations of MUO and MHO profiles with key AD biomarkers and neuroimaging data.

Conclusions:

  • A reduced Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk may be associated with MHO status in Black men.
  • Longitudinal studies are necessary to investigate changes in cognitive status, Aβ and tau brain pathology, and plasma biomarkers in MHO individuals.
  • Further research is required to fully elucidate the complex interplay between metabolic health, obesity, and AD risk in diverse populations.