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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Anna Brugulat-Serrat1, Clara Gallay1,2, Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides1,3,4

  • 1Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Late motherhood is linked to faster memory decline in women with preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). This association was not observed in men, suggesting pregnancy-related factors may influence cognitive aging in women.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Nulliparity and multiparity are associated with dementia risk, but evidence is inconclusive.
  • Investigating the link between age at first childbirth and cognitive change is crucial for understanding dementia risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the association between age at first childbirth and cognitive change in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • To examine how sex, amyloid-beta (Aβ) status, and age at first childbirth interact to influence cognitive trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • 319 CU individuals from the ALFA+ cohort were analyzed, with age at first childbirth defined continuously and dichotomously (<29 vs ≥29 years).
  • Cognitive change over 3 years was assessed using the PACC and domain-specific composites, with multivariable regression models adjusted for key covariates.
  • Interactions among sex, age at first childbirth, and Aβ positivity (CSF Aβ42/40 ratio) were modeled, with stratified analyses in women.

Main Results:

  • Women had their first child younger than men. Sex interacted with age at first childbirth and Aβ status to predict memory change.
  • Aβ-positive (Aβ+) women with first birth at age ≥29 showed a 52.4% steeper memory decline compared to Aβ- women in the same age group.
  • No significant mediation by socioeconomic factors was found in women, and paternal age at first childbirth did not relate to cognitive change in men.

Conclusions:

  • Late motherhood (≥29 years) is associated with accelerated memory decline in women with preclinical AD (Aβ+/CU).
  • Findings suggest a complex interplay between pregnancy history, AD pathology, and cognitive aging specifically in women.
  • Pregnancy-related biological or hormonal factors may drive the observed association in women, warranting further investigation.