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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Catalina Valdes1, Avram S Bukhbinder2, Yaobin Ling3

  • 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA, Houston, TX, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
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Summary
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The Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, but not the Fluarix vaccine, reduced amyloid-beta deposition in the brain and improved cognitive function in mice. This suggests potential neuroprotective effects of certain vaccinations against Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies suggest antimicrobial vaccinations may protect against Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
  • Investigating if vaccinations prevent amyloidosis is crucial for understanding neuroimmune mechanisms in AD.
  • Amyloidosis is a key pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the impact of Pfizer COVID-19 and Fluarix vaccines on amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and neuroinflammation.
  • To assess the effect of these vaccinations on cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease.
  • To explore potential neuroprotective mechanisms mediated by peripheral immune system stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • APP/PS1 mice received monthly intramuscular doses of Pfizer COVID-19 or Fluarix vaccine, or controls (PBS, LPS).
  • Cognitive performance, specifically working memory, was evaluated using a contextual behavioral test.
  • Brain and serum samples were analyzed for Aβ burden and neuroinflammatory markers via histological and biochemical methods.

Main Results:

  • Mice treated with both vaccines showed improved cognitive performance compared to controls.
  • The Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine significantly reduced Aβ burden in key brain regions (hippocampus, cortex).
  • The Fluarix vaccine did not result in significant reductions in Aβ burden.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral immune system stimulation via vaccination may positively influence brain health.
  • The Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine demonstrated a reduction in amyloid pathology in an AD mouse model.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate neuroimmune mechanisms underlying these findings for AD therapeutic strategies.