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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Xinyuan Yang1, Xiaomeng Xu1, Junfang Zhang1

  • 1Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Free-water imaging of the choroid plexus (CP) shows elevated free water fraction (FWf) is linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. This biomarker indicates impaired glymphatic function and neurodegeneration, aiding in AD monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biomarkers
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Free-water imaging of the choroid plexus (CP) offers potential for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis and monitoring.
  • CP free-water fraction (FWf) reflects CP components and is a promising diagnostic index.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between CP FWf and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and progression.
  • To investigate CP FWf as a potential biomarker for AD neurodegeneration and glymphatic function.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated CP FWf in 216 participants (133 Aβ+ and 83 Aβ- controls) from the Ruijin NeuroBank of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia (RJNB-D) cohort.
  • Utilized the ADNI dataset for external validation of findings.
  • Assessed associations with Aβ positivity, DTI-ALPS, white matter hyperintensity, Tau accumulation, synaptic loss, atrophy, cognitive performance, and CSF biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • CP FWf and DTI-ALPS were independently associated with Aβ positivity in both cohorts.
  • In Aβ+ participants, DTI-ALPS mediated the relationship between CP FWf and periventricular white matter hyperintensity (pWMH).
  • CP FWf correlated with Tau accumulation, synaptic loss, atrophy, cognitive decline, and elevated AD biomarkers (NFL, GFAP, etc.).
  • Longitudinally, CP FWf increased faster in Aβ+ participants and was associated with reduced DTI-ALPS and faster progression than pWMH, Tau, and GFAP.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated CP FWf signifies impaired glymphatic function and AD neurodegeneration.
  • CP FWf serves as a sensitive biomarker for tracking Alzheimer's disease progression.
  • The findings support CP FWf's utility in clinical settings for AD management.