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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biochemistry
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis relies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers like phosphorylated tau (pTAU181) and β-amyloid (Aβ42).
  • CSF collection is invasive, necessitating investigation of alternative methods.
  • Plasma biomarkers offer a less invasive diagnostic approach for AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare pTAU181, Aβ40, and Aβ42 concentrations in CSF and plasma.
  • To assess the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers across the AD clinical continuum.
  • To determine the effect of clinical variants and profiles on biomarker concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Patients were classified according to NIA-AA criteria.
  • Plasma and CSF samples were collected from healthy controls, MCI (non-AD and AD-positive), and AD patients.
  • Biomarker levels were measured using LUMIPULSE® G600II, with APOE genotyping performed.

Main Results:

  • Plasma biomarker concentrations mirrored CSF levels and literature findings.
  • Biomarker levels correlated with cognitive function (MMSE scores).
  • Atypical AD patients and Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) profiles showed distinct biomarker patterns (higher pTAU181, lower Aβ42).

Conclusions:

  • pTAU181, Aβ42, and the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio are reliable indicators of AD pathology.
  • Plasma biomarkers show promise for less invasive AD assessment.
  • Further research is needed to differentiate AD clinical variants using these biomarkers.