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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Related Experiment Video

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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Matthew Jy Kang1,2, Dhamidhu Eratne1,2, Christa Dang3

  • 1University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Apathy and anxiety in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are linked to higher levels of neurodegeneration markers, including plasma p-tau181 and neurofilament light chain (NfL). These findings suggest potential treatment targets for these common symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Apathy and affective neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • The neurobiological underpinnings of these symptoms in AD remain unclear.
  • Understanding these links is crucial for developing targeted treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and tau pathology with apathy and affective symptoms.
  • To explore these relationships in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal analysis of 781 participants with MCI and AD dementia from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).
  • Annual collection of blood samples over four years.
  • Assessment of neuropsychiatric symptoms using the Neuropsychiatric Interview (NPI) and analysis of biomarker trajectories with mixed-effects models.

Main Results:

  • Elevated plasma p-tau181 and neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels correlated with apathy and anxiety in MCI and AD dementia.
  • Apathy showed a significantly higher rate of NfL increase, suggesting accelerated neurodegeneration.
  • These findings link specific plasma biomarkers to key neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD.

Conclusions:

  • Apathy and anxiety may serve as indicators of increased tau pathology and neurodegenerative burden in AD.
  • These symptoms highlight potential therapeutic targets for intervention in AD.
  • Plasma biomarkers like p-tau181 and NfL could aid in understanding and managing NPS in AD.