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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Desirée Conti1, Giulia Bechi Gabrielli2, Massimiliano Panigutti1

  • 1Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuroimaging reveals significant structural and functional brain changes in prodromal Dementia with Lewy bodies (pro-DLB). These alterations in areas like the frontal and occipital lobes are crucial for understanding early pro-DLB progression and diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Dementia Research

Background:

  • Prodromal Dementia with Lewy bodies (pro-DLB) is a recently defined stage.
  • Neuroanatomical and functional correlates of pro-DLB require further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Systematically review neuroimaging findings in pro-DLB.
  • Establish definitive neuroanatomical and functional correlates for pro-DLB.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed and Scopus.
  • Included 40 studies using MRI, PET, and SPECT to examine pro-DLB patients.
  • Assessed structural (gray matter, white matter) and functional (metabolism, perfusion, connectivity) data.

Main Results:

  • Frontal lobe areas showed decreased function, atrophy, and white matter damage.
  • Parieto-occipital regions exhibited hypometabolism, hypoperfusion, and localized atrophy.
  • Subcortical changes included nucleus basalis of Meynert atrophy and reduced dopamine transporter uptake.

Conclusions:

  • Structural and functional brain damage is evident in pro-DLB, aligning with clinical presentation.
  • Frontal and parieto-occipital alterations correlate with attention, executive, and visuo-perceptual deficits.
  • Significant degeneration of cholinergic and dopaminergic systems observed, highlighting neuroimaging biomarker utility.