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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

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Published on: January 28, 2014

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Biomarkers.

Mai Othman1, Mohamed Salama2

  • 1Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study explored dementia

Area of Science:

  • Metabolomics
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Dementia prevalence is rising globally, yet metabolomic research, especially in underrepresented populations, is limited.
  • Understanding dementia's metabolic underpinnings is crucial for developing diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • This study investigates metabolic alterations in Egyptian dementia patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate metabolic alterations associated with dementia in an Egyptian population using untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS).
  • To identify potential dementia biomarkers and pathways specific to the studied region.
  • To contribute to a deeper understanding of dementia's metabolic dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Collected serum samples from 150 dementia patients and 100 controls across multiple Egyptian centers.

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  • Analyzed samples using LC-ESI-MS/MS with positive and negative ionization modes for comprehensive metabolite profiling.
  • Applied statistical analyses and pathway enrichment to identify differentially expressed metabolites and biological relevance.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified 253 metabolites across lipids, amino acids, nucleosides, and small molecules.
    • Observed distinct metabolomic profile clustering between dementia patients and controls via Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
    • Found significant differential abundance in metabolite groups and highlighted disruptions in metabolism, lipid homeostasis, signaling, protein synthesis, and inflammation pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • This untargeted LC-MS study provides novel insights into the metabolic landscape of dementia in the Egyptian population.
    • Identified metabolites and pathways offer potential biomarkers for dementia.
    • Further validation is needed to confirm findings and develop targeted interventions for dementia in this demographic.