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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Giuseppe D Ciccotosto1, Elly Bijlsma1, Stuart G Dashper1

  • 1The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) from oral bacteria can enter the brain and trigger Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like changes. Treating the source of these vesicles, like periodontitis, may reduce brain pathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Previous studies linked periodontitis bacteria to Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like brain pathology.
  • This study investigated if bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) from oral bacteria could induce brain pathology without direct infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if purified BMVs from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Neisseria oralis can cross the blood-brain barrier.
  • To assess the neuropathological effects of these BMVs in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • Female C57BL/6 mice received intravenous injections of BMVs from P. gingivalis, N. oralis, or vehicle.
  • Brain tissue was analyzed at multiple time points using immunohistochemistry for BMVs, neuronal damage, neuroinflammation, and AD markers.

Main Results:

  • BMVs from both species were detected in the brain after injection and were cleared by Day 55.
  • P. gingivalis BMVs induced microgliosis and astrogliosis, while both BMVs showed similar levels of neuronal degeneration and inflammatory cytokines.
  • Phosphorylated Tau levels increased significantly in BMV-treated mice, but amyloid plaques were not detected.

Conclusions:

  • Oral bacterial BMVs can enter the brain and elicit distinct host responses.
  • The clearance of BMVs suggests that targeting the source of these vesicles, such as periodontitis, could mitigate brain pathology.