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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

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Published on: January 28, 2014

Biomarkers.

¹The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association

|December 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood as promising biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). These EVs, carrying phosphorylated tau (pTau217), show high accuracy in diagnosing AD and differentiating it from other dementias.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomarker Discovery
Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is challenging, with current methods being invasive and costly.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from brain regions affected by AD offer a minimally invasive biomarker source.
There is a critical need for accessible biomarkers for early AD detection and differential diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and validate novel, minimally invasive biomarkers for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection.
To develop a reliable method for diagnosing AD and distinguishing it from other dementias using peripheral blood.
To explore the potential of neurogenic extracellular vesicles (EVs) as diagnostic tools.

Main Methods:

A multicenter study involving 523 participants (AD patients, non-AD dementia patients, healthy controls).
Enrichment and mass spectrometry analysis of EVs from mouse neuronal cultures and human plasma.
Validation of biomarkers (pTau217, GABRD, GPR162) using immunohistochemistry, electron cryo-microscopy, and NanoFCM Flow NanoAnalyzer.

Main Results:

Neurogenic EVs carrying phosphorylated tau (pTau217) were identified as sensitive and specific AD biomarkers.
Neuron-specific markers GABRD and GPR162 were validated in human plasma EVs.
NanoFCM Flow NanoAnalyzer provided a rapid and stable platform for detecting CNS pathology via plasma EVs.

Conclusions:

Plasma neurogenic EVs carrying Aβ and pTau are highly effective biomarkers for AD diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
This approach shows significant promise for earlier intervention and targeted therapy development in AD.
Peripheral blood EV analysis offers a new avenue for improved Alzheimer's disease management.