Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

524
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
524
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

676
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
676
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.5K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.5K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

64.7K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
64.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Aβ- and tau-associated neuroinflammatory signatures in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)·2026
Same author

Association between automated brain volumetry and visual classification of hippocampal atrophy in MRI.

Neuroimage. Reports·2026
Same author

Tau extent outperforms tau load as a predictor of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.

Molecular neurodegeneration·2026
Same author

Hypertension acts together with Aβ pathology in late-life to promote memory loss.

The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease·2026
Same author

Real-world comparison of brain [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET imaging with CSF Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in a tertiary memory clinic setting.

EClinicalMedicine·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "The role of cannabinoid ligands in neurodegenerative diseases: Emerging anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation and disease-modifying perspectives" [Pharmacol. Res. 227 (2026) 108185].

Pharmacological research·2026
Same journal

Multimorbidity burden and patterns associated with DeepBrainNet-derived brain-age gap in dementia-free older adults: A community-based study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Reply to "Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities".

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Correlates and predictors of self-efficacy among dementia caregivers: D-CARE findings.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

What should convince a clinician of disease modification in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials?

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Primary cilia-extracellular vesicle crosstalk in Alzheimer's disease: Emerging mechanisms and biomarker potential.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Gabriela Mantovani Baldasso1, Christian Limberger1, Rodrigo Sebben Paes1

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) levels correlate with brain structure and metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Higher AQP4 is linked to reduced hippocampal volume and altered brain activity, suggesting a role in cognitive decline.

More Related Videos

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K
A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a glial water channel protein crucial for brain water homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of AQP4 is implicated in pathological conditions affecting blood-brain barrier integrity and glutamatergic synapses.
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves abnormal glutamate levels, neuronal death, and memory loss, making AQP4's role relevant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AQP4 levels and brain metabolism in Alzheimer's disease.
  • To explore the relationship between CSF AQP4 and established AD biomarkers.
  • To determine if AQP4 alterations impact brain structure and function in different cognitive states.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 719 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort, categorized as cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia.
  • Generalized linear mixed models to assess associations between CSF AQP4 and AD biomarkers, adjusting for age and sex.
  • Voxel-wise analyses of AQP4 levels with Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET and Amyloid-beta (Aβ)-PET imaging.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in CSF AQP4 levels were found across CU, MCI, and dementia groups.
  • In CU individuals, CSF AQP4 negatively correlated with hippocampal volume.
  • In MCI, CSF AQP4 was negatively associated with Aβ-PET, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and hippocampal volume. In dementia, CSF AQP4 positively correlated with FDG-PET in the temporal cortex.

Conclusions:

  • CSF AQP4 levels are associated with hippocampal volume and brain metabolism, particularly in MCI and dementia stages.
  • AQP4 may play a protective role in maintaining cerebral water homeostasis, influencing cognitive outcomes in AD.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms linking AQP4 to cognitive decline and its potential as an AD biomarker.