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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Jr-Jiun Liou1, Tales Santini1, Jinghang Li1

  • 1University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hospitalization for COVID-19 is linked to lasting brain health impacts, including reduced cognitive function and smaller hippocampal volumes in recovered patients. These neurological changes highlight the severe effects of significant illness on the brain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • COVID-19 is suspected to affect brain health, with clinical MRI showing varied neurological signs.
  • This study investigates neuroimaging, cognitive, and plasma biomarkers in recovered COVID-19 patients based on hospitalization status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare neuroimaging biomarkers, cognitive function, and plasma biomarkers between hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 survivors.
  • To identify lasting neurological impacts of severe COVID-19 illness.

Main Methods:

  • 179 participants underwent 7T MRI, cognitive tests (MoCA, memory, psychomotor speed), and blood collection.
  • Neuroimaging included morphometry, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) segmentation, and hippocampal subfield analysis.
  • Statistical analyses compared hospitalized (n=52) and non-hospitalized (n=111) groups using t-tests and ANCOVA.

Main Results:

  • Hospitalized patients had smaller hippocampal volumes (total, right CA1) and lower cognitive scores (MoCA, Trail Making Test B, memory, visuospatial construction).
  • WMH burden showed different associations with cognitive scores in hospitalized versus non-hospitalized groups.
  • Hippocampal volume associations with cognitive scores also differed significantly between the groups, with no plasma biomarker differences detected.

Conclusions:

  • Hospitalization for COVID-19 is associated with poorer cognitive performance and reduced hippocampal volumes.
  • Distinct relationships between brain imaging markers and cognitive function were observed in hospitalized patients.
  • These findings underscore the persistent neurological effects of severe COVID-19 illness.