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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Daniel A Nation1

  • 1Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Age-related autonomic nervous system (ANS) changes increase blood pressure variability, which is linked to higher Alzheimer's disease and dementia risk. Further research is needed to understand this connection and its clinical implications.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is associated with aging, hypertension, and increased blood pressure variability (BPV).
  • Elevated BPV across various timescales (visit-to-visit, beat-to-beat) is independently linked to increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia.
  • The precise relationship between ANS, BPV, and neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of age-related ANS changes in BPV.
  • To explore the potential causal link between BPV and Alzheimer's disease.
  • To determine if BPV can serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target for AD.

Main Methods:

  • This study reviews existing literature on ANS function, BPV, and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • It analyzes the association between preclinical AD and BPV through ANS mechanisms.
  • The research examines the potential causality of BPV in AD pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Age-related ANS alterations contribute to hypertension and heightened BPV.
  • Increased BPV is a significant risk factor for AD and dementia, irrespective of average blood pressure or hypertension.
  • The study highlights unanswered questions regarding the ANS-BPV-AD axis.

Conclusions:

  • BPV is a critical factor associated with AD risk, potentially mediated by ANS dysfunction.
  • Further investigation is required to elucidate the causal role of BPV in AD and its potential as a clinical biomarker or treatment target.